[quote]Validity and validation are two different things. I'm talking about validity. And no, we can cut through the subjectivity by determining what is the logical choice.[/quote] Ah, no. Humans are not cold, emotionless robots. If my dog is drowning, and some other nameless asshole is drowning right next to him, I will save my dog, because I have no emotional connection to the other guy. He might as well be a nonfactor.