Can confirm as of 06/13/2021 @ 11:05AM that this is an ongoing issue and has been reported for the past several months.
Challenge of the Shattered daily Petra bounty is not completing upon talking to Toland within the Ascendant Challenge.
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As of Week 2 of the season of the lost (08/31/2021) it's still bugged, don't waste your time trying to complete this one