1) Doesn't the speaker say self-sacrifice?
However, within the context of the speaker explaining to Ghaul, he states "inspires" after every moral choice, but says "leads" when finishing with death.
Devotion inspires Bravery. Bravery inspires sacrifice. Sacrifice however results in death.
Death is the outcome, the end goal. The Traveler needs death.
The Traveler only awakened after the death of a truly "powerful" Light wielder. Even though it was stolen, he was able to self rez without assistance. Ghost are supposed to stitch you back together, but he didn't have that, yet self rezzed anyway.
Guardians are vessels to increase their Light, thought the amount of death they collect. Upon death, their Light goes back to the Traveler. The amount of death Ghaul has brought is likely astronomical.
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2) I dont think this is about the Sundial specifically, but the whole concept of Worldline stepping in general. The concept goes beyond that with our own reality, being our failed attempts equaling collapsed timelines. The timeline Destiny only focuses on is the one where we are alive, and we win. Whether it be the stories of the campaign or Raids. The architect of our victories is the Sword and the Hourglass, like Orin talked about. Hourglass being The Stranger, the one who started this whole thing. The one that pops in and out of reality like how we did with Saint-14 on a much smaller scale. The Sword being Savathûn. The one who had sent us challenge after challenge, presenting us with the necessary tools to fight back beyond what we already knew. Simultaneously, making her stronger as a result. We are her strength and accomplishments after all.
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3) I think it was wise for us to not occupy the throne. Toland may think otherwise, be he sacrificed his fireteam to transend death so who knows what of his sinister designs.
I know Savathun doesn't occupy the Throne, or else she'd be cursed like Oryx. Savathun has unmatched brilliance goes so far as to improvising a perfect wish on Riven. Something the Awoken need a Wish Wall for, to close the gap between words.
Quira currently holds that position by proxy.
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Gonna have to think about the last 3.
Final one might just be the Traveler's eventual departure.
English
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Savathun is already cursed like Oryx. She has a worm that eats away at her if she doesn't continue to weave her plots and cunning.
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Gotta remember that a lot of the context has been removed from these quotes. So what is said in the original version, probably doesn’t apply to the mission dialogue.