{{
`${userDetail.user.displayName}${userDetail.user.cachedBungieGlobalDisplayNameCode ? `#${standardizeBungieGlobalCode(userDetail.user.cachedBungieGlobalDisplayNameCode)}` : ""}`}}
{{getUserClans()}}
5/12/2015 4:09:57 PM
6
Random question: evolution is basically an organism changing slowly by (insert factor). It's new information introduced or at least refined information introduced into the DNA which is passed on. Bacteria does this very well, as seen in MDRO. My question is this, how does the organism know how to evolve/mutate? I thought that an extremely high percentage of all mutations are harmful or unproductive? The odds of a cell mutating in a positive way, then passing that new information on without the bodies defense immune system killing it off is extremely low correct? I mean we're not talking about one organism that got lucky, across the board organisms mutated and there immune systems either sucked or were advanced enough to not kill off all the "new" strange cells? This would put them way beyond us.
Also bacteria that develops immunity to antibiotics, I thought this was due to the denature or breakdown of proteins? Ex: antibiotics kill bacteria in many ways, some bind to a protein and kill it. It's already been shown that antibiotics can bind to bacteria through a specific protein (let's say A) and not succeed in killing the bacteria but does succeed in destroying the protein A. This half killed bacteria can still replicate but does not replicate protein A because it was damaged. The new bacteria does not have protein A, therefore the antibiotics cannot bind. New bacteria is immune to that antibiotic now.
Given this is one example with one antibiotic, but this is not evolution is it? New information was not gained, it was lost. The immunity was caused by the antibiotics not the bacteria.
I'm just curious, and apologize if I said something stupid.
English
-
Edited by My Name Is John: 5/13/2015 3:55:28 PMYes the bacteria example is just Natural selection, not evolution.
-
Basically, something will negatively affect organisms until they evolve to overcome it. All the negative mutations won't be noticed, because they won't last long. For example, bacteria is becoming resistant to antibiotics. This is because for a long time antibiotics would kill pretty much all bacteria. But those that could resist, were able to pass that on. So a liberal use of antibiotics basically isolates only the bacteria resistant to it, allowing only those bacteria to pass on genes to the next generation. Its environmental pressures that determines change.
-
I was under the impression that bacteria already have those antibiotic resistance in their gene pool. They really don't just develop it out of nowhere
-
Yes, it was at one time just part of the basic genetic variation across the different strains of bacteria. But now that trait is being isolated and selected for heavily, causing an overall change in the gene frequency across entire strains, to the point where it is the norm, which is evolution. One of the things about evolution that is still a question is how often does truly new information come along. That is something still being learned about.
-
Someone tried to explain to me how one species becomes another. Is there an abridged version you can give?
-
In biology, a species (abbreviated sp., with the plural form speciesabbreviated spp.) is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing [b]fertile[/b] offspring. So basically speciation occurs when two populations of a species evolve separately, usually due to geographic separation, and living in different or slightly different environments, until the accumulative changes over long periods of time make them no longer able to breed. So once that sexual reproductive barrier happens, they are truly now two different species.
