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Edited by Britton: 3/19/2015 11:39:42 PM
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I can't stand that you need me to show this to you. Its only shows that youre most likely going to attempt to discredit it with some kind of illogical fallacy. But here we go. Let's start with speciation. Speciation is the evolutionary process where new species arise. Speciation can take place in two general ways. A single species may change over time into a new form that is different enough to be considered a new species. This process is known as [b]anagenesis[/b]. More commonly, a species may become split into two groups that no longer share the same gene pool. This process is known as [b]cladogenesis[/b]. There are several ways in which anagenesis and cladogenesis may take place. In all cases, reproductive isolation occurs. [b]Sympatric[/b] speciation- this occurs when populations of a species that share the same habitat become reproductively isolated from each other. This speciation phenomenon most commonly occurs through polyploidy, in which an offspring or group of offspring will be produced with twice the normal number of chromosomes. Where a normal individual has two copies of each chromosome (diploidy), these offspring may have four copies (tetraploidy). A tetraploid individual cannot mate with a diploid individual, creating reproductive isolation. Sympatric speciation is rare. It occurs more often among plants than animals, since it is so much easier for plants to self-fertilize than it is for animals.  [b]Allopatric[/b] speciation- this is the most common form of speciation, it occurs when populations of a species become geographically isolated. When populations become separated, gene flow between them ceases. Over time, the populations may become genetically different in response to the natural selection imposed by their different environments. If the populations are relatively small, they may experience a founder effect: the populations may have contained different allelic frequencies when they were separated. Selection and genetic drift will act differently on these two different genetic backgrounds, creating genetic differences between the two new species. [b]Parapatric[/b]speciation- this is extremely rare. It occurs when populations are separated not by a geographical barrier, such as a body of water, but by an extreme change in habitat. While populations in these areas may interbreed, they often develop distinct characteristics and lifestyles. Reproductive isolation in these cases is not geographic but rather temporal or behavioral. For example, plants that live on boundaries between very distinct climates may flower at different times in response to their different environments, making them unable to interbreed. So, as for evidence to support evolution. One type of evidence for evolution (evidence that organisms are related, descended from a few common ancestors, and change to adapt to their environments) is that organisms are similar to each other, but not exactly the same. Similar organisms have differences that help them adapt to their environments. The skeletal structures of [url=http://kozmopolitaydinlar.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/evidence_for_evolution_1.gif]vertebrates[/url] for example. The fossil record. There are some well documented transitions of one species to another. [url=http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evograms_03] The evolution of whales for example[/url], as well as [url=http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/communication/boulton/evolution.html]the time of the dinosaurs[/url]. The fossil record itself shows a steady progression of life that flows very logically from the life forms of one time period/geographic area to the next. Its also important to remember, the fact that some transitional fossils are not preserved does not disprove evolution. Evolutionary biologists do not expect that all transitional forms will be found and realize that many species leave no fossils at all. Lots of organisms don't fossilize well and the environmental conditions for forming good fossils are not that common. So, science actually predicts that for many evolutionary changes there will be gaps in the record. I can go into DNA if need be. But this is long enough as it is.
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